top of page

Search

Headed South

Facta, Non Verba
Sep 3, 2025
1 min read

Updated: Sep 7, 2025

泰米爾人對於印地語

語文達羅毗荼德拉威進步聯盟 திராவிடர் கழகம் திராவிட முன்னேற்ற கழகம்
முன்னேற்றம் முன்னேற்று

हमारी मातृभाषा, हिंदी।

Dravidian Model Sunday, 31st March 2024

Why do Tamils appear reluctant to learn Hindi?

Tamil Nadu people have their reasons for their hatred towards Hindi. One could say that North Indians have earned this hatred. The whole problem arises out of the mindset that the North Indian people have of the South Indians. They think they’re superior to the South Indians.

You have to know some history to fully understand the sentiments of the Tamil people and understand where they come from.

1. 1937: The Centre Made Hindi compulsory in Tamil Nadu schools

1937 Agitation towards Hindi imposition
Periyar and the Justice Party vehemently opposed this move. The 1937 agitation involved:

Fasting
Conferences
Marches
Picketing
Protests

Impact: The protests led to the death of Natarajan & Thalamuthu.

1198 people, including women and children, were arrested during that period.
Periyar was arrested for 1 year with a fine of INR1000.
Whilst Annadurai was imprisoned for 4 months.

Why such fierce protests for language?

Because language is one's identity. This has been made clear with the Westernization of the world. As people started to speak American English, they started to adopt their mindset and values. And lose their own values and identity.

2. Adoption of Hindi as the sole official language for the Indian Republic during the framing of the Indian Constitution:

The pro-Hindi group wanted to make Hindi the sole official language of India. They wanted the entire proceedings of the Constituent Assembly and the Constitution itself to be written in Hindi.

On Tuesday, 10th December 1946, Dhulekar declared “People who do not know Hindi have no right to stay in India. People who are present in the House to fashion a constitution for India and do not know Hindi are not worthy to be members of this assembly. They had better leave.”

The anti-Hindi group wanted English to remain the official language.

Krishnamachari: It is up to my friends in Uttar Pradesh to have a whole India; it is up to them to have a Hindi-India. The choice is theirs.

On 27 May 1952, the use of Hindi was introduced in warrants for judicial appointments
In 1955, in-house Hindi training was started for all ministries and departments of the central government
On 3 December 1955, the government started using Hindi for "specific purposes of the Union"
Nehru appointed the First Official Language Commission under the chairmanship of B.G. Kher on 7 June 1955. The commission delivered its report on 31 July 1956. It recommended several steps to eventually replace English with Hindi
Notice the disregard for other languages in India.

3. The Pant Committee submitted its recommendations that Hindi should be made the primary official language with English as the subsidiary one.

The reason stated by the pro-Hindi groups was that English is a foreign language and it doesn’t belong to India. They said if you wish to speak in English, then go to England.

To which Rajaji replied aptly.

Rajaji: “Hindi is as much foreign to non-Hindi speaking people as English is to the protagonists of Hindi.”

4. The Congress government at the centre urged all states to make Hindi compulsory in schools.

It also introduced a minimum qualification in Hindi for the promotion of students to higher classes.

Periyar once again launched an agitation against the imposition of Hindi. This agitation was also characterized by strikes, black flag demonstrations and anti-Hindi processions.

On 27 August, Periyar and Annadurai were arrested. The government did not change its position on Hindi and the agitation continued.

On 18 December, Periyar and other DK leaders were arrested again.

5. Changing the name of a town from Kallakudi to Dalmiapuram. They claimed that the town's name (after Ramkrishna Dalmia) symbolized the exploitation of South India by the North.

On 15 July 1953, M. Karunanidhi (later Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu) and other DMK members erased the Hindi name in Dalmiapuram railway station's name board and lay down on the tracks. Kalaignar Karunanidhi
Kalaignar
Karunanidhi & other other DMK members lay down on railway tracks.
Death – 2 DMK members

Several were arrested – including Karunanidhi & Kannadhasan

In the 1950s DMK continued its anti-Hindi policies along with the secessionist demand for Dravida Nadu.
On 21 September 1957, the DMK convened an anti-Hindi Conference to protest against the imposition of Hindi. It observed 13 October 1957 as ”anti-Hindi Day

The DMK's view on Hindi's qualifications for official language status was reflected in Annadurai's response to the “numerical superiority of Hindi” argument:

“If we had to accept the principle of numerical superiority while selecting our national bird, the choice would have fallen not on the peacock but on the common crow.”

6. Official Languages Act of 1963

This act calls for

Preparation of Hindi glossaries
Translating procedural literature and legal codes to Hindi
Imparting Hindi education to government employees
Once again, Annadurai launched state-wide protests. In November 1963, Annadurai was arrested along with 500 DMK members for burning part XVII of the Constitution at an anti-Hindi Conference. He was sentenced to six months in prison.

On 25 January 1964, a DMK member, Chinnasamy, committed suicide at Trichy by self-immolation, to protest the "imposition of Hindi". He was claimed as the first "language martyr" of the second round of the anti-Hindi struggle by the DMK.

7. National Education Policy - This education policy provided for setting up Navodaya Schools, where Hindi was taught compulsorily.

On 17 November 1986, DMK members protested against the new education policy.
20,000 DMK members, including Karunanidhi, were arrested.
21 persons committed suicide by self-immolation.
Kalaignar Karunanidhi was sentenced to ten weeks of imprisonment.

8. Only Hindi must be used on Social Media: Anti-Hindi imposition movement in Tamil Nadu
In 2014, the Home Ministry ordered:

Government employees and officials of all ministries, departments, corporations or banks, who have made official accounts on Social Networking sites should use Hindi, or both Hindi and English but give priority to Hindi.
This move was again opposed by all the parties in Tamil Nadu.

In conclusion, many people have given up their lives to stop the Hindi imposition.

Chief Minister MK Stalin paying respect to the language martyrs of Tamil Nadu

You must understand that the Tamils are not against learning Hindi. Tamils are only against Hindi Imposition. And Hindi “Imposition” is the real problem.

Tamils have everything they need in their language. Tamil is a language that can function without the help of any other language. It has no words that were derived from another language. But the same cannot be said of Hindi.

Also Tamil being the oldest language in the world, they feel they have a huge responsibility to not only preserve the language but also to promote it.

美式英語語言﹝語文﹞帝國主義的廣泛壞處

語文達羅毗荼德拉威進步聯盟 திராவிடர் கழகம் திராவிட முன்னேற்ற கழகம்
முன்னேற்றம் முன்னேற்று

हमारी मातृभाषा, हिंदी।

Dravidian Model Sunday, 31st March 2024

Why do Tamils appear reluctant to learn Hindi?

Tamil Nadu people have their reasons for their hatred towards Hindi. One could say that North Indians have earned this hatred. The whole problem arises out of the mindset that the North Indian people have of the South Indians. They think they’re superior to the South Indians.

You have to know some history to fully understand the sentiments of the Tamil people and understand where they come from.

1. 1937: The Centre Made Hindi compulsory in Tamil Nadu schools

1937 Agitation towards Hindi imposition
Periyar and the Justice Party vehemently opposed this move. The 1937 agitation involved:

Fasting
Conferences
Marches
Picketing
Protests

Impact: The protests led to the death of Natarajan & Thalamuthu.

1198 people, including women and children, were arrested during that period.
Periyar was arrested for 1 year with a fine of INR1000.
Whilst Annadurai was imprisoned for 4 months.

Why such fierce protests for language?

Because language is one's identity. This has been made clear with the Westernization of the world. As people started to speak American English, they started to adopt their mindset and values. And lose their own values and identity.

2. Adoption of Hindi as the sole official language for the Indian Republic during the framing of the Indian Constitution:

The pro-Hindi group wanted to make Hindi the sole official language of India. They wanted the entire proceedings of the Constituent Assembly and the Constitution itself to be written in Hindi.

On Tuesday, 10th December 1946, Dhulekar declared “People who do not know Hindi have no right to stay in India. People who are present in the House to fashion a constitution for India and do not know Hindi are not worthy to be members of this assembly. They had better leave.”

The anti-Hindi group wanted English to remain the official language.

Krishnamachari: It is up to my friends in Uttar Pradesh to have a whole India; it is up to them to have a Hindi-India. The choice is theirs.

On 27 May 1952, the use of Hindi was introduced in warrants for judicial appointments
In 1955, in-house Hindi training was started for all ministries and departments of the central government
On 3 December 1955, the government started using Hindi for "specific purposes of the Union"
Nehru appointed the First Official Language Commission under the chairmanship of B.G. Kher on 7 June 1955. The commission delivered its report on 31 July 1956. It recommended several steps to eventually replace English with Hindi
Notice the disregard for other languages in India.

3. The Pant Committee submitted its recommendations that Hindi should be made the primary official language with English as the subsidiary one.

The reason stated by the pro-Hindi groups was that English is a foreign language and it doesn’t belong to India. They said if you wish to speak in English, then go to England.

To which Rajaji replied aptly.

Rajaji: “Hindi is as much foreign to non-Hindi speaking people as English is to the protagonists of Hindi.”

4. The Congress government at the centre urged all states to make Hindi compulsory in schools.

It also introduced a minimum qualification in Hindi for the promotion of students to higher classes.

Periyar once again launched an agitation against the imposition of Hindi. This agitation was also characterized by strikes, black flag demonstrations and anti-Hindi processions.

On 27 August, Periyar and Annadurai were arrested. The government did not change its position on Hindi and the agitation continued.

On 18 December, Periyar and other DK leaders were arrested again.

5. Changing the name of a town from Kallakudi to Dalmiapuram. They claimed that the town's name (after Ramkrishna Dalmia) symbolized the exploitation of South India by the North.

On 15 July 1953, M. Karunanidhi (later Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu) and other DMK members erased the Hindi name in Dalmiapuram railway station's name board and lay down on the tracks. Kalaignar Karunanidhi
Kalaignar
Karunanidhi & other other DMK members lay down on railway tracks.
Death – 2 DMK members

Several were arrested – including Karunanidhi & Kannadhasan

In the 1950s DMK continued its anti-Hindi policies along with the secessionist demand for Dravida Nadu.
On 21 September 1957, the DMK convened an anti-Hindi Conference to protest against the imposition of Hindi. It observed 13 October 1957 as ”anti-Hindi Day

The DMK's view on Hindi's qualifications for official language status was reflected in Annadurai's response to the “numerical superiority of Hindi” argument:

“If we had to accept the principle of numerical superiority while selecting our national bird, the choice would have fallen not on the peacock but on the common crow.”

6. Official Languages Act of 1963

This act calls for

Preparation of Hindi glossaries
Translating procedural literature and legal codes to Hindi
Imparting Hindi education to government employees
Once again, Annadurai launched state-wide protests. In November 1963, Annadurai was arrested along with 500 DMK members for burning part XVII of the Constitution at an anti-Hindi Conference. He was sentenced to six months in prison.

On 25 January 1964, a DMK member, Chinnasamy, committed suicide at Trichy by self-immolation, to protest the "imposition of Hindi". He was claimed as the first "language martyr" of the second round of the anti-Hindi struggle by the DMK.

7. National Education Policy - This education policy provided for setting up Navodaya Schools, where Hindi was taught compulsorily.

On 17 November 1986, DMK members protested against the new education policy.
20,000 DMK members, including Karunanidhi, were arrested.
21 persons committed suicide by self-immolation.
Kalaignar Karunanidhi was sentenced to ten weeks of imprisonment.

8. Only Hindi must be used on Social Media: Anti-Hindi imposition movement in Tamil Nadu
In 2014, the Home Ministry ordered:

Government employees and officials of all ministries, departments, corporations or banks, who have made official accounts on Social Networking sites should use Hindi, or both Hindi and English but give priority to Hindi.
This move was again opposed by all the parties in Tamil Nadu.

In conclusion, many people have given up their lives to stop the Hindi imposition.

Chief Minister MK Stalin paying respect to the language martyrs of Tamil Nadu

You must understand that the Tamils are not against learning Hindi. Tamils are only against Hindi Imposition. And Hindi “Imposition” is the real problem.

Tamils have everything they need in their language. Tamil is a language that can function without the help of any other language. It has no words that were derived from another language. But the same cannot be said of Hindi.

Also Tamil being the oldest language in the world, they feel they have a huge responsibility to not only preserve the language but also to promote it.

< https://www.facta-non-verba.info/post/слава-китайскому-народу-народу-богатырю-народу-созидателю >

泰米爾納德邦以及所謂的「印地語文強加﹝強制性﹞政策」

語文達羅毗荼德拉威進步聯盟 திராவிடர் கழகம் திராவிட முன்னேற்ற கழகம்
முன்னேற்றம் முன்னேற்று

हमारी मातृभाषा, हिंदी।

Dravidian Model Sunday, 31st March 2024

Why do Tamils appear reluctant to learn Hindi?

Tamil Nadu people have their reasons for their hatred towards Hindi. One could say that North Indians have earned this hatred. The whole problem arises out of the mindset that the North Indian people have of the South Indians. They think they’re superior to the South Indians.

You have to know some history to fully understand the sentiments of the Tamil people and understand where they come from.

1. 1937: The Centre Made Hindi compulsory in Tamil Nadu schools

1937 Agitation towards Hindi imposition
Periyar and the Justice Party vehemently opposed this move. The 1937 agitation involved:

Fasting
Conferences
Marches
Picketing
Protests

Impact: The protests led to the death of Natarajan & Thalamuthu.

1198 people, including women and children, were arrested during that period.
Periyar was arrested for 1 year with a fine of INR1000.
Whilst Annadurai was imprisoned for 4 months.

Why such fierce protests for language?

Because language is one's identity. This has been made clear with the Westernization of the world. As people started to speak American English, they started to adopt their mindset and values. And lose their own values and identity.

2. Adoption of Hindi as the sole official language for the Indian Republic during the framing of the Indian Constitution:

The pro-Hindi group wanted to make Hindi the sole official language of India. They wanted the entire proceedings of the Constituent Assembly and the Constitution itself to be written in Hindi.

On Tuesday, 10th December 1946, Dhulekar declared “People who do not know Hindi have no right to stay in India. People who are present in the House to fashion a constitution for India and do not know Hindi are not worthy to be members of this assembly. They had better leave.”

The anti-Hindi group wanted English to remain the official language.

Krishnamachari: It is up to my friends in Uttar Pradesh to have a whole India; it is up to them to have a Hindi-India. The choice is theirs.

On 27 May 1952, the use of Hindi was introduced in warrants for judicial appointments
In 1955, in-house Hindi training was started for all ministries and departments of the central government
On 3 December 1955, the government started using Hindi for "specific purposes of the Union"
Nehru appointed the First Official Language Commission under the chairmanship of B.G. Kher on 7 June 1955. The commission delivered its report on 31 July 1956. It recommended several steps to eventually replace English with Hindi
Notice the disregard for other languages in India.

3. The Pant Committee submitted its recommendations that Hindi should be made the primary official language with English as the subsidiary one.

The reason stated by the pro-Hindi groups was that English is a foreign language and it doesn’t belong to India. They said if you wish to speak in English, then go to England.

To which Rajaji replied aptly.

Rajaji: “Hindi is as much foreign to non-Hindi speaking people as English is to the protagonists of Hindi.”

4. The Congress government at the centre urged all states to make Hindi compulsory in schools.

It also introduced a minimum qualification in Hindi for the promotion of students to higher classes.

Periyar once again launched an agitation against the imposition of Hindi. This agitation was also characterized by strikes, black flag demonstrations and anti-Hindi processions.

On 27 August, Periyar and Annadurai were arrested. The government did not change its position on Hindi and the agitation continued.

On 18 December, Periyar and other DK leaders were arrested again.

5. Changing the name of a town from Kallakudi to Dalmiapuram. They claimed that the town's name (after Ramkrishna Dalmia) symbolized the exploitation of South India by the North.

On 15 July 1953, M. Karunanidhi (later Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu) and other DMK members erased the Hindi name in Dalmiapuram railway station's name board and lay down on the tracks. Kalaignar Karunanidhi
Kalaignar
Karunanidhi & other other DMK members lay down on railway tracks.
Death – 2 DMK members

Several were arrested – including Karunanidhi & Kannadhasan

In the 1950s DMK continued its anti-Hindi policies along with the secessionist demand for Dravida Nadu.
On 21 September 1957, the DMK convened an anti-Hindi Conference to protest against the imposition of Hindi. It observed 13 October 1957 as ”anti-Hindi Day

The DMK's view on Hindi's qualifications for official language status was reflected in Annadurai's response to the “numerical superiority of Hindi” argument:

“If we had to accept the principle of numerical superiority while selecting our national bird, the choice would have fallen not on the peacock but on the common crow.”

6. Official Languages Act of 1963

This act calls for

Preparation of Hindi glossaries
Translating procedural literature and legal codes to Hindi
Imparting Hindi education to government employees
Once again, Annadurai launched state-wide protests. In November 1963, Annadurai was arrested along with 500 DMK members for burning part XVII of the Constitution at an anti-Hindi Conference. He was sentenced to six months in prison.

On 25 January 1964, a DMK member, Chinnasamy, committed suicide at Trichy by self-immolation, to protest the "imposition of Hindi". He was claimed as the first "language martyr" of the second round of the anti-Hindi struggle by the DMK.

7. National Education Policy - This education policy provided for setting up Navodaya Schools, where Hindi was taught compulsorily.

On 17 November 1986, DMK members protested against the new education policy.
20,000 DMK members, including Karunanidhi, were arrested.
21 persons committed suicide by self-immolation.
Kalaignar Karunanidhi was sentenced to ten weeks of imprisonment.

8. Only Hindi must be used on Social Media: Anti-Hindi imposition movement in Tamil Nadu
In 2014, the Home Ministry ordered:

Government employees and officials of all ministries, departments, corporations or banks, who have made official accounts on Social Networking sites should use Hindi, or both Hindi and English but give priority to Hindi.
This move was again opposed by all the parties in Tamil Nadu.

In conclusion, many people have given up their lives to stop the Hindi imposition.

Chief Minister MK Stalin paying respect to the language martyrs of Tamil Nadu

You must understand that the Tamils are not against learning Hindi. Tamils are only against Hindi Imposition. And Hindi “Imposition” is the real problem.

Tamils have everything they need in their language. Tamil is a language that can function without the help of any other language. It has no words that were derived from another language. But the same cannot be said of Hindi.

Also Tamil being the oldest language in the world, they feel they have a huge responsibility to not only preserve the language but also to promote it.

出口成章：這則評論表達得非常好！

இந்த கருத்து மிகச் சிறப்பாக வெளிப்படுத்தப்பட்டுள்ளது!

यह विचार बहुत अच्छी तरह से व्यक्त किया गया है!

非泰米爾語文的選擇性憤怒印地語文語言南亞印度通用語

Anubha Bharadwaj And you are saying all this in a language thats not TAMIL? You want to protect your identity by not speaking in Hindi because that will alter your existence and taint your pious culture, all the while writing, reading and speaking in a foreign language? Also let me know what are you doing to preserve the actual oldest language of the world — i.e. Sanskrit 梵語梵文. Selective outrage this is. But Qudos to you !! Kudos 語文達羅毗荼德拉威進步聯盟 திராவிடர் கழகம் திராவிட முன்னேற்ற கழகம்
முன்னேற்றம் முன்னேற்று

हमारी मातृभाषा, हिंदी।

英語帝國的解構與再建議：網際網路全球化時代的語言文化政治﹝張月珍﹞﹝二零零二年﹞

國立彰化師範大學文學院學報
文明昭著

全球化背景下英語帝國主義現象剖析危機

英語帝國的解構與再建議：網際網路全球化時代的語言文化政治解剖

美式英語國際中心記者王迦證美利堅合眾國

《鏡新聞》﹝二零二五年七月十日週四﹞：美國總統川普﹝特朗普﹞不知賴比瑞亞﹝利比里亞﹞官方語言﹝正式語言﹞是英文竟然問道：「您是從哪裡學到的？」畢竟

குமார் சம்புராஜன் कुमार संबुराजन
ஆங்கிலம் அதை மிக கவனமாக தேவைக்கு ஏற்ப சொற்ப அளவிலேயே கையாள வேண்டும்.
अंग्रेजी का प्रयोग बहुत सावधानी से तथा आवश्यकतानुसार कम मात्रा में किया जाना चाहिए।

பல மொழிகளை அழித்து கொண்டு இருக்கும் ஆங்கிலம் அது மொழிகளின் புற்றுநோய்.
अंग्रेजी भाषाओं का एक कैंसर है जो कई भाषाओं को नष्ट कर रहा है।
अँग्रेज़ी

புதிய தலைமுறை

அமெரிக்க அதிபர் டிரம்ப் To லைபீரியா அதிபர் ஜோசஃப் போக்கே..

“ஆங்கிலத்தை சிறப்பாக கையாள்கிறீர்கள். எங்கே இவ்வளவு அழகாக பேச கற்றுக்கொண்டீர்கள்..?”

லைபீரியாவின் ஆட்சி மொழி ஆங்கிலம் என்பது குறிப்பிடத்தக்கது.

英語帝國的解構與再建議：網際網路全球化時代的語言文化政治﹝張月珍﹞﹝二零零二年﹞

國立彰化師範大學文學院學報
文明昭著

全球化背景下英語帝國主義現象剖析危機

英語帝國的解構與再建議：網際網路全球化時代的語言文化政治解剖

美式英語國際中心記者王迦證美利堅合眾國

《鏡新聞》﹝二零二五年七月十日週四﹞：美國總統川普﹝特朗普﹞不知賴比瑞亞﹝利比里亞﹞官方語言﹝正式語言﹞是英文竟然問道：「您是從哪裡學到的？」畢竟

川普讚英文好──賴比瑞亞總統尷尬：我的母語

குமார் சம்புராஜன் कुमार संबुराजन
ஆங்கிலம் அதை மிக கவனமாக தேவைக்கு ஏற்ப சொற்ப அளவிலேயே கையாள வேண்டும்.
अंग्रेजी का प्रयोग बहुत सावधानी से तथा आवश्यकतानुसार कम मात्रा में किया जाना चाहिए।

பல மொழிகளை அழித்து கொண்டு இருக்கும் ஆங்கிலம் அது மொழிகளின் புற்றுநோய்.
अंग्रेजी भाषाओं का एक कैंसर है जो कई भाषाओं को नष्ट कर रहा है।
अँग्रेज़ी

புதிய தலைமுறை

அமெரிக்க அதிபர் டிரம்ப் To லைபீரியா அதிபர் ஜோசஃப் போக்கே..

“ஆங்கிலத்தை சிறப்பாக கையாள்கிறீர்கள். எங்கே இவ்வளவு அழகாக பேச கற்றுக்கொண்டீர்கள்..?”

லைபீரியாவின் ஆட்சி மொழி ஆங்கிலம் என்பது குறிப்பிடத்தக்கது. — 說得真巧！

英語帝國的解構與再建議：網際網路全球化時代的語言文化政治﹝張月珍﹞﹝二零零二年﹞

國立彰化師範大學文學院學報
文明昭著

全球化背景下英語帝國主義現象剖析危機

英語帝國的解構與再建議：網際網路全球化時代的語言文化政治解剖

美式英語國際中心記者王迦證美利堅合眾國

《鏡新聞》﹝二零二五年七月十日週四﹞：美國總統川普﹝特朗普﹞不知賴比瑞亞﹝利比里亞﹞官方語言﹝正式語言﹞是英文竟然問道：「您是從哪裡學到的？」畢竟

川普讚英文好──賴比瑞亞總統尷尬：我的母語

குமார் சம்புராஜன் कुमार संबुराजन
ஆங்கிலம் அதை மிக கவனமாக தேவைக்கு ஏற்ப சொற்ப அளவிலேயே கையாள வேண்டும்.
अंग्रेजी का प्रयोग बहुत सावधानी से तथा आवश्यकतानुसार कम मात्रा में किया जाना चाहिए।

பல மொழிகளை அழித்து கொண்டு இருக்கும் ஆங்கிலம் அது மொழிகளின் புற்றுநோய்.
अंग्रेजी भाषाओं का एक कैंसर है जो कई भाषाओं को नष्ट कर रहा है।
अँग्रेज़ी

புதிய தலைமுறை

அமெரிக்க அதிபர் டிரம்ப் To லைபீரியா அதிபர் ஜோசஃப் போக்கே..

“ஆங்கிலத்தை சிறப்பாக கையாள்கிறீர்கள். எங்கே இவ்வளவு அழகாக பேச கற்றுக்கொண்டீர்கள்..?”

லைபீரியாவின் ஆட்சி மொழி ஆங்கிலம் என்பது குறிப்பிடத்தக்கது.

इसलिए मुझे आश्चर्य है कि क्या कोई बड़ी समस्या नजर अंदाज की जा रही है।

Recent Posts

The Never-Ending Story

The Never-Ending Story

@“Uncle Joe” of Madras,...

Millennia-Old Irrelevance

Millennia-Old Irrelevance

Comments

Commenting on this post isn't available anymore. Contact the site owner for more info.

Donate with PayPal

Donate with PayPal

Donate with PayPal

bottom of page